Many common water heater issues can be fixed with simple DIY solutions, while others require professional help. Regular maintenance is key to keeping your water heater running smoothly. This includes flushing the tank yearly to remove sediment buildup and replacing the anode rod when needed to prevent tank corrosion - two examples of how to extend your water heater's life and prevent costly repairs.
However, complex issues like faulty heating elements, gas burner problems, or tank leaks need expert attention. If you're unsure about a repair or don't feel comfortable tackling it yourself, it's always smart to call a professional plumber.
Types of Water Heaters
There are two main types of water heaters: tank and tankless. Each type has its pros and cons. Tank heaters provide a large supply of hot water but use more energy, while tankless units save energy but may struggle with high demand.
Tank water heaters:
- Can store 20-80 gallons of hot water
- They can be gas or electric
- Often take up more space
- Usually less energy-efficient
Tankless water heaters:
- Provide hot water on demand
- Are more energy efficient
- Take up less space
- They can also be gas or electric
Common Issues and Diagnostics
Water heaters can face several problems that can result in costly repairs, here’s how to spot them:
- No hot water
- Not enough hot water
- Water too hot or cold
- Strange noises
- Leaks
- Rusty water
To diagnose these issues, you can:
- Check the thermostat settings
- Look for visible leaks or damage
- Listen for unusual sounds
- Test the pressure relief valve
- Inspect the anode rod
Routine Maintenance and Prevention
Here are the key water heater maintenance tasks you should know to keep your unit running smoothly.
Flushing the Tank
Flushing your water heater tank yearly removes sediment buildup which can impact the performance and lifespan of the unit.
To flush the tank:
- Turn off the power and water supply
- Connect a hose to the drain valve
- Open the valve and let water flow out
- Run cold water through the tank until it's clear
- Close the valve and refill the tank
Be careful when flushing, as the water can be very hot so wear protective gear and let the tank cool before starting.
Anode Rod Inspection
The anode rod protects your tank from rust and should be checked every 1-2 years and replaced when needed.
To inspect the anode rod:
- Shut off power and water
- Locate the rod (usually on top of the tank)
- Unscrew and remove it
- Replace it if it's less than 1/2 inch thick or covered in calcium
A new anode rod costs $20-$50 and can greatly extend your water heater's life.
Pressure Valve Check
The pressure relief valve is a safety feature that releases excess pressure and needs to be tested yearly to ensure it works properly.
To check the valve:
- Place a bucket under the discharge pipe
- Lift the valve's lever
- Listen for a gurgling sound as water drains
If no water comes out or it leaks after testing, replace the valve. This is a crucial safety check that shouldn't be ignored.
Temperature Settings
Setting the right temperature saves energy and prevents scalding, and 120°F (49°C) is recommended for most homes. Lower temperatures reduce energy use but may not kill bacteria, while higher settings can cause burns, especially for children and older adults.
To adjust the temperature:
- Locate the thermostat (often behind a panel)
- Use a flathead screwdriver to turn the dial
- Wait a few hours, then test the water temperature
Troubleshooting Common Problems
Water heater issues can be frustrating, but many can be fixed with basic troubleshooting. Here are some of the most frequent problems homeowners face and how to address them.
No Hot Water
When your water heater stops producing hot water, it's often due to a few common issues. For gas heaters, check if the pilot light is out, and if it is, relight it following the manufacturer's instructions. For electric heaters, a faulty heating element might be the issue and you’ll need to test the elements with a multimeter and replace if needed.
Sometimes, the problem is a broken thermostat so inspect it for damage and adjust the temperature setting. If these steps don't work, the thermostat may need replacement.
Sediment buildup can also cause heating problems. This is why it’s important to flush the tank yearly to remove debris.
Strange Noises
Popping or rumbling sounds from your water heater often mean sediment buildup which can reduce efficiency and damage the tank. Hissing or sizzling noises might indicate a leak, resulting in water dripping onto the burner. Check for visible leaks and tighten any loose connections and if the noise persists, you may need a professional inspection.
Leaks and Water Damage
Water pooling around your heater is a serious issue and you’ll first need to find the leak source. Common spots include inlet and outlet connections, the temperature and pressure relief valve, and the tank bottom (looking for signs of corrosion).
Tighten loose fittings with a wrench and replace the pressure relief valve if it's faulty. A leaking tank often means it's time for a new water heater. To prevent water damage, install a drain pan under your heater.
Discoloration and Smell
Rusty or smelly water often comes from corrosion inside the tank and this happens when the anode rod wears out. However, if the water smells like rotten eggs, bacteria in the tank might be the cause. Flush the system with a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and water, and to solve persistent issues, consider installing a water filtration system.
When to Call a Professional
Water heater problems can be tricky, and sometimes, it's best to bring in an expert.
Assessing Water Heater Damage
We recommend calling a professional plumber if you notice leaks, strange noises, or rusty water as these are signs of serious issues.
- A leak can cause water damage and should be fixed right away.
- Loud banging or popping sounds often mean sediment buildup in the tank.
- Rusty-looking water points to tank corrosion, which may lead to failure.
- Tepid water could be a broken thermostat or heating element.
Water Heater Repair vs. Replacement
If your unit is over 10 years old, replacing it might be smarter as new models are more energy-efficient and can save you money in the long run. A professional plumber can help you decide if repair or replacement is best and they'll consider the unit's age, condition, and repair history. Sometimes, fixing an old heater costs more than getting a new one.
Speak to us to arrange an inspection of your water heater or to discuss upgrading to a new one.
